Debunking 8 medical myths about dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia, which is characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive function, affects millions worldwide, yet there are many misconceptions about the condition. These myths not only cause unnecessary fear but in some cases, prevent people from seeking early diagnosis and proper care. This is all the more important because of the significant impact dementia can have not just on our quality of life, but also our longevity.
“Too many people are in the dark about dementia — many feel that a dementia diagnosis means someone is immediately incapable of living a normal life, while myths and misunderstandings continue to contribute to the stigma and isolation that many people will feel,” Jeremy Hughes, former Chief Executive of the Alzheimer’s Society, told Medical News Today.
With that in mind – and in recognition of World Alzheimer’s Day (Sept. 21) – let’s debunk the most pervasive myths about dementia, as supported by science.
Myth 1: Dementia is a normal part of aging
Many people still believe that memory loss and confusion are inevitable as we age. While cognitive changes do occur, dementia is not a normal part of Aging. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that dementia is caused by diseases like Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, and Lewy body dementia – not simply growing older. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage symptoms and slow progression, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between normal aging and dementia.
Myth 2: If a family member has dementia, you’ll get it, too
This could be the most frightening misconception of all. But while genetics can play a role, having a family member with dementia doesn’t necessarily mean you will develop the condition. Many forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s, involve both genetic and environmental factors. Lifestyle choices such as Diet, Exercise and mental engagement have been shown to lower dementia risk, even for those with a family history. For more on how lifestyle habits impact our risks for dementia as well as other age-related conditions, read our story on What determines longevity? Genetics vs. Lifestyle.
Myth 3: Only the elderly get dementia
Dementia is most often associated with older adults, but in rare cases, younger people can also develop it. Early-onset dementia affects people under age 65, sometimes even in their 30s or 40s. Studies have shown that just under 10% of Alzheimer’s cases are classified as early-onset, with approximately 200,000 Americans under 65 living with the condition. This underscores the need for awareness across all age groups.
Myth 4: Dementia is only about memory loss
Memory impairment is a hallmark of dementia, but the condition involves much more. People with dementia often experience difficulty with language, problem-solving, judgment and even personality changes. According to research from the Alzheimer’s Association, mood swings, apathy and visual-spatial difficulties are common symptoms. Recognizing these varied symptoms is key for timely diagnosis and care.
Relatedly, it’s important to keep in mind that many of these symptoms, including memory loss, may not necessarily be caused by dementia, but by another condition such as Depression, medication side effects, alcohol or cannabis use, thyroid disease or vitamin deficiency, per Harvard Health.
Myth 5: There’s nothing you can do to prevent dementia
The belief that dementia is unavoidable, or an inevitable part of aging, leads many to assume there’s no way to reduce risk. However, as mentioned above, lifestyle choices can play a significant role in prevention. Studies, including a 2020 report by The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, highlight 12 modifiable risk factors—including physical inactivity, poor diet, smoking, and unmanaged vision and hearing loss—that contribute to about 40% of dementia cases. Adopting a healthy diet, staying physically active, and engaging in cognitive activities are all protective factors. (Read our story on the top foods to boost brain health.)
Myth 6: Dementia equals Alzheimer’s disease
While Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases, it is not the only form. Dementia is an umbrella term for various brain disorders. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Each has distinct causes, symptoms, and treatments, which makes accurate diagnosis key for effective management.
Myth 7: Medications can cure, or reverse, dementia
There are medications available to manage symptoms of dementia and in some cases, slow progression, but to date, none can reverse or cure the condition. We’ve reported recently on a new FDA-approved drug, Kisunla (donanemab), which attacks the amyloid protein associated with the development of Alzheimer’s. In clinical trials, the drug modestly slowed the pace of decline among patients in the early stages of the disease. This drug is similar to Leqembi (lecanemab), approved to treat Alzheimer’s last year. It also attacks amyloid protein.
Drugs like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine help slow cognitive decline and improve daily functioning, but they cannot stop disease progression. The Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation continues to fund research aimed at developing therapies that could halt or even reverse dementia, but for now, treatment focuses on symptom management.
Myth 8: People with dementia cannot live independently or lead a meaningful life
This myth leads many to believe that a dementia diagnosis means an immediate loss of independence. In the early stages of dementia, many people can continue living independently with support systems in place. Research shows that with proper care, many individuals with dementia can continue performing daily activities, engage in social interaction, and maintain a high quality of life.
The bottom line
Early diagnosis and proactive care are key to enhancing the quality of life for people living with dementia. Taking steps toward prevention, whether through lifestyle changes or increasing awareness, offers hope for a healthier, more dementia-resilient future. As research continues for better and more effective treatments, it is certainly a topic we’ll be keeping a close eye on.
More on dementia:
Shingles vaccine linked to reduced risk of dementia
Study: Alzheimer’s blood test catches 90% of early dementia cases
Dementia discovery could unlock successful new treatments
How your personality type may protect you from dementia
Social mobility extends years lived without dementia, Japanese study reveals
Content on this site is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your qualified healthcare providers with any questions or concerns regarding a medical condition.
